Enhancing Common Bean Tolerance to Short-term Droughts at the Reproductive Stage using a Soil Fertility Management Approach

Mavis B. Brempong *

CSIR- Crops Research Institute, Fumesua, Kumasi, Ghana and RDA- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea.

Stephen Yeboah

CSIR- Crops Research Institute, Fumesua, Kumasi, Ghana.

Paul Marno

CSIR- Crops Research Institute, Fumesua, Kumasi, Ghana.

Abigail Addo-Danso

CSIR- Crops Research Institute, Fumesua, Kumasi, Ghana and School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Australia.

Agbesi K. Keteku

CSIR- Crops Research Institute, Fumesua, Kumasi, Ghana.

Kennedy Agyemang

CSIR- Crops Research Institute, Fumesua, Kumasi, Ghana.

Sylvester Addy

CSIR- Crops Research Institute, Fumesua, Kumasi, Ghana.

Maxwell Lamptey

CSIR- Crops Research Institute, Fumesua, Kumasi, Ghana.

Patricia Amankwaa-Yeboah

CSIR- Crops Research Institute, Fumesua, Kumasi, Ghana.

Eric O. Danquah

CSIR- Crops Research Institute, Fumesua, Kumasi, Ghana.

Elvis O. Agyei

CSIR- Crops Research Institute, Fumesua, Kumasi, Ghana.

James Y. Asibuo

CSIR- Crops Research Institute, Fumesua, Kumasi, Ghana.

*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.


Abstract

Aims: This study was conducted to enhance the tolerance of common beans to drought events occurring at the reproductive stage, from a soil improvement perspective.

Study Design: Split plot completely randomized design was used.

Place and Duration of Study: Study was conducted in a screen-house at the Legumes and Oil Seeds Division of CSIR-Crops Research Institute, Ghana, from September 2021 to January 2022.

Methodology: Municipal Solid Waste Compost and inorganic fertilizer combinations were applied to common beans in a pot experiment. They included control, full rate compost (FRAC), full rate fertilizer (NPK 5:30:30 kg/ha) (FRG), FRG + half rate compost (HRAC) and FRG + FRAC. All soils were maintained at 80% field capacity (FC) from the start of the experiment. At flowering, two groups of plants were water stressed till 40 and 16% FC and returned to 80% FC till physiological maturity, while one group maintained 80% FC throughout study. Forty-five soil samples each and plant data were collected at 3, 7 and 10 weeks after planting. Samples were analyzed for soil organic matter (SOM) and water retention, soil nutrients, crop growth, yield and nutrient uptake. Water and nitrogen use efficiencies (W/NUE) were calculated after harvest.

Results: During the growing period, highest soil moisture (6-9 cm3/cm3) was retained by FRG and FRG+HRAC, FRG+FRAC; 20-38% more than FRAC and control but was not influenced by SOM. While FRG influenced the highest yield and WUE, combining it with compost rates reduced yield by 56-84% and WUE by 55-64%. WUE correlated positively with NUE.

Conclusion: Antagonistic effect observed with integrating compost with FRG is likely because compost was not properly cured and immobilized soil nitrogen. Farmers can mitigate short-term drought effects on common beans with adequate nutrient supply through fertilizer application; however, fertilizer should only be integrated with compost after compost quality analysis.

Keywords: Compost, mineral fertilizer, water stress, soil organic matter, soil water retention, water use efficiency, climate change


How to Cite

Brempong, M. B., Yeboah, S., Marno, P., Addo-Danso, A., Keteku, A. K., Agyemang, K., Addy, S., Lamptey, M., Amankwaa-Yeboah, P., Danquah, E. O., Agyei, E. O., & Asibuo, J. Y. (2022). Enhancing Common Bean Tolerance to Short-term Droughts at the Reproductive Stage using a Soil Fertility Management Approach. Journal of Experimental Agriculture International, 44(11), 56–74. https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2022/v44i112053


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