Impacts of Meteorological Attributes on Agronomic Characteristics of Sunflower Cultivated in the Cerrado
Dayana Aparecida de Faria *
Department of Agronomy and Zootechny, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
Dryelle Sifuentes Pallaoro
Department of Agronomy and Zootechny, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
Murilo Ferrari
Department of Agronomy and Zootechny, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
Aloisio Brigido Borba Filho
Department of Agronomy and Zootechny, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
Joadil Gonçalves de Abreu
Department of Agronomy and Zootechny, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
Elisangela Clarete Camili
Department of Agronomy and Zootechny, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
Anne Caroline Dallabrida Avelino
Department of Agronomy and Zootechny, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
Kyron Cabral Sales
Department of Agronomy and Zootechny, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
José Holanda Campelo Júnior
Department of Agronomy and Zootechny, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
Claudio Guilherme Portela de Carvalho
Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
The sunflower has adaptation for cultivation in Brazilian conditions and the main product is the oil extracted from the seeds. This study aimed to verify the impacts of meteorological attributes on agronomic characteristics of sunflower genotypes cultivated as a second crop, in Mato Grosso, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized complete block design (RCBD), cultivating the two sunflower genotypes, M734 and Hélio, in three years (2009, 2011, 2012) with four replications. The agronomic characteristics evaluated were: plant height, capitulum diameter, weight of a thousand achenes, yield of achenes, oil content and oil yield. Then, water deficit and the maximum crop yield are estimated for correlation analysis between meteorological attributes and agronomic characteristics. In both genotypes studied there was a very strong correlation between plant height with evapotranspiration (r=0.99*) and very strong negative correlation (r=-0.99*) with water deficit. For mass of a thousand achenes, there was a very strong negative correlation with the maximum (r=-0.98*) and minimum (r=-0.96*) temperatures, and with evapotranspiration (r=-0.98*) in the Helio 358. In addition, effect of the water deficit on the oil yield (r=-0.98*) was verified for the same genotype. Very strong negative correlation was found between maximum temperature and oil content (r=-0.96*) in genotype M734. In sunflower cultivation in Mato Grosso, Brazil, water deficit reduces plant height, capitulum diameter and oil yield. The oil content of the achenes reduces when the maximum temperature increases, during the cultivation. For those reasons, the use of sunflower genotypes with shorter cycles and the earlier sowing could benefit the crop developing, by suiting the management, to avoid unfavorable climatic conditions that can cause reduction in production parameters.
Keywords: Climatic factors, correlation, Helianthus annuus L., oil yield of achenes