Variability, Association and Selection of Promising Characters for Breeding Creole Maize
Yrle da Rocha Fontinele
Federal University of Acre – Campus cede, Center for Biological and Nature Sciences, Rodovia BR 364, Km 04 - Distrito Industrial, Rio Branco - AC, CEP: 69920-900, Brazil.
Vanderley Borges dos Santos
Federal University of Acre – Campus cede, Center for Biological and Nature Sciences, Rodovia BR 364, Km 04 - Distrito Industrial, Rio Branco - AC, CEP: 69920-900, Brazil.
Luan de Oliveira Nascimento *
Federal University of Acre – Campus cede, Center for Biological and Nature Sciences, Rodovia BR 364, Km 04 - Distrito Industrial, Rio Branco - AC, CEP: 69920-900, Brazil.
Antônio Carnaúba de Aragão
Federal University of Acre – Campus cede, Center for Biological and Nature Sciences, Rodovia BR 364, Km 04 - Distrito Industrial, Rio Branco - AC, CEP: 69920-900, Brazil.
Matheus Matos do Nascimento
Federal University of Acre – Campus cede, Center for Biological and Nature Sciences, Rodovia BR 364, Km 04 - Distrito Industrial, Rio Branco - AC, CEP: 69920-900, Brazil.
Almecina Balbino Ferreira
Federal University of Acre – Campus cede, Center for Biological and Nature Sciences, Rodovia BR 364, Km 04 - Distrito Industrial, Rio Branco - AC, CEP: 69920-900, Brazil.
Antonia Fabiana Barros de Lima
Federal University of Acre – Campus cede, Center for Biological and Nature Sciences, Rodovia BR 364, Km 04 - Distrito Industrial, Rio Branco - AC, CEP: 69920-900, Brazil.
José Genivaldo do Vale Moreira
Federal University of Acre – Campus floresta, Center Multidisciplinary, Estrada da Canela Fina, KM 12 Gleba Formoso - São Francisco, Cruzeiro do Sul - AC, CEP: 69895-000, Brazil.
Dheme Rebouças de Araújo
Federal University of Acre – Campus cede, Center for Biological and Nature Sciences, Rodovia BR 364, Km 04 - Distrito Industrial, Rio Branco - AC, CEP: 69920-900, Brazil.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Genetic variability is the main characteristic when seeking to select promising genotypes for plant breeding. Thus, the objective of this work was to investigate the genetic variability in agronomic and morphological characteristics of traditional varieties of maize, in addition to determining the degree of association and the selection of variety and promising characters to be explored in programs of genetic breeding of Creole maize. The experiment was conducted at the Federal University of Acre (UFAC), Rio Branco - Acre, in the 2017/2018 harvest period. A randomized block design was used, with five replications. The treatments were four varieties of Creole maize (V1, V2, V3 and V4) from the Vale do Juruá region and another hybrid cultivar LG 3040 (HI). The morpho-agronomic characteristics were evaluated in the useful area of the plots: days to silking (DS), days to anthesis (DA), plant height (PH) and height ear insertion (HEI), stem diameter (SD), mass of ear (ME), length ear (LE), diameter ear (DE), total grain mass (TGM), mass of 100 grain (M100G), grain moisture (GM) and grain productivity (GP). The data were subjected to analysis of variance and comparison of means. The values of genotypic and phenotypic variance were also estimated, heritability in the broad sense, selection accuracy, phenotypic, genotypic and environmental correlation, in addition to the principal component analysis (PCA). Variations in characteristics were found between the varieties of Creole maize and their interrelations, showing greater influence of ME, PH, TGM, M100G, DE and GP in the expression of the phenotype. Therefore, it is concluded that there is genetic variability in the characteristics evaluated, with emphasis to V4 that showed superior performance allowing direct selection of the characteristics SD, ME, TGM and M100G to be incorporated into an breeding program.
Keywords: Zea mays, biometric, genetic parameter, heritability