Assessment of Agricultural Practices Impact on the Development of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi
Ouattara Brahima *
UFR Faculty of Biosciences, Laboratory of Biotechnology, Agriculture and Valorisation of Biological Ressources, Félix Houphouët-Boigny University, 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22, Côte d’Ivoire.
Soro Sibirina
UFR Faculty of Agroforestry, Jean Lorougnon Guédé University, 12 BP V 25 Daloa 12, Côte d’Ivoire.
Koné N’golo Abdoulaye
UFR Faculty of Natural Sciences, Nangui Abrogoua University, 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02, Côte d’Ivoire.
Silué Nakpalo
UFR Faculty of Agriculture, Fishery Ressources and Agro-Industry, University of San Pedro, BP V1800 San Pedro, Côte d’Ivoire.
Koné Daouda
UFR Faculty of Biosciences, Laboratory of Biotechnology, Agriculture and Valorisation of Biological Ressources, Félix Houphouët-Boigny University, 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22, Côte d’Ivoire.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
In natural environments, the development of plants depends on the interactions they maintain with their environment, in particular with soil microorganisms such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, especially since the used of inputs is scarce by the majority of farmers in Côte d’Ivoire. The present study was carried out to study the endomycorrhizogenic potential of the soils on which tomato, cashew and banana are grown. Place and Duration of Study: Soil sampling in bananas, cashews and tomatoes fields (July and August 2016), spore trapping in WASCAL (West African Science Service Center on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use) greenhouse in the city of Bingerville and spore extraction and identification in Laboratory of Biotechnology, Agriculture and Development of Biological Resources (September 2016 to March 2017). Material and Methods: Soil samples were taken away from the same depth, 10 to 20 cm, in cashew, tomato or banana fields. They were then used for trap pot culture by sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.)] and cowpea [Vigna ungugulata (L.) Walp.]. The wet sieving revealed spore density and morphological diversity. Results: Spores were more abundant in the soils sampled under cashew (22 spores / gram of soil) in comparison to banana (9 spores / gram of soil) and tomato (3 spores / gram of soil). There were a real diversity of glomeromycete in the different agrosystems. There is a great richness and diversity of AMF spore form under cashew (18 morphotypes) in Côte d'Ivoire compared to tomato (2 morphotypes) and banana (4 morphotypes). Conclusion: Land use system impact spore richness and diversity. Controlled mycorrhization of cashew, tomato and banana could be considered.
Keywords: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, inputs, endomycorrhizogenic potential, spore density, morphotypes, agrosystems