Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. (Cactaceae) in Climate Change Scenarios and Its Potential for Wastewater Bioremediationin Semi-Arid Regions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Rener Luciano de Souza Ferraz *
Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, CEP: 58429-140, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil.
Patrícia da Silva Costa
Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Campina Grande, CEP: 58708-110, Patos, Paraíba, Brazil.
José Dantas Neto
Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, CEP: 58429-140, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil.
Franklin Alves dos Anjos
Department of Agriculture, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Alagoas, CEP: 57500-000, Santana do Ipanema, Alagoas, Brazil.
Newcélia Paiva Barreto
Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Campina Grande, CEP: 58708-110, Patos, Paraíba, Brazil.
Liliane da Silva Soares
Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Paraiba, CEP: 58397-000, Areia, Paraíba, Brazil.
Ivomberg Dourado Magalhães
Department of Plant Production, Federal University of Alagoas, CEP: 57072-900, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil.
Marcelo de Andrade Barbosa
Department of Soils and Fertilizers, Paulista State University, CEP: 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Anthropogenic actions have caused climatic changes and contamination of water resources, generating negative consequences for plants and instigating the search for new alternatives for water treatment. The objective of this work was to use a systematic and narrative review in databases and meta-analysis to assess the state of the art on the implications of climate changes in forage palm crop and to highlight the potential of this cactus for wastewater bioremediation, as well as to verify if this form of water treatment is used in semi-arid regions, especially in the semi-arid region of Brazil. Systematic review, narrative and meta-analysis were used, searching the database. The articles obtained with a theme pertinent to the study were carefully analyzed. The data were submitted to descriptive analysis and meta-analysis using random effects model. It was verified that the forage palm is a strategic crop for cultivation in the semi-arid, mainly for its expressive adaptive capacity, through the activation of defense mechanisms against sudden variations in temperature, CO2 atmospheric concentration, photosynthetic active radiation and soil water availability. In addition, forage palm has a high potential for wastewater bioremediation, reaching an average of 82.71% of water contaminants. In one study, the authors report that this cactus is abundant and can be used for bioremediation of wastewater in semi-arid regions such as northern Ethiopia. No studies were found with the use of palm for bioremediation of wastewater in the semi-arid region of Brazil.
Keywords: Opuntia ficus-indica, forage palm, environment, temperature, water quality, adsorption;, flocculation.