Journal of Experimental Agriculture International

Carbon farming is a critical intersection of agriculture and climate change mitigation, aiming to reduce greenhouse gas emissions while sequestering carbon in agricultural landscapes. This practice entails using sustainable farming methods to increase soil carbon storage, such as cover cropping, reduced tillage, agroforestry, and improved grazing management. Farmers who integrate these techniques can not only improve soil health and agricultural productivity, but also make a significant contribution to global efforts to combat climate change. India, with its vast agricultural landscape, can benefit from carbon farming by improving soil health, increasing crop yields, and ensuring food security for its growing population. Economic incentives, such as carbon credits and markets that reward sustainable practices, provide additional motivation to Indian farmers. This review paper explores the principles and practices of carbon farming, as well as the policy frameworks that encourage its adoption. It highlights the institutional support available, such as government programs, research initiatives, and extension services aimed at promoting sustainable agriculture. However, Indian farmers face unique challenges and barriers when implementing these practices, including small landholdings, a lack of awareness, and financial constraints. Institutions play an important role in overcoming these barriers by providing technical assistance, financial support, and education. Strong research, education, and policy support are required to realise carbon farming's full potential in creating a sustainable and resilient agricultural sector in India.