Journal of Experimental Agriculture International

The Rice-Wheat Cropping System (RWCS) is a cornerstone of India's food security, particularly in the states of Haryana, Punjab, and Uttar Pradesh. However, the sustainability of RWCS is increasingly threatened by issues such as soil degradation, groundwater depletion, and climate vulnerabilities, exacerbated by the resource-intensive practices introduced during the green revolution. The study was conducted during 2023-24 using an ex-post facto research design. Multistage sampling by simple random sampling method was used to derive sample for the study and the data was collected through personal interview. This study focuses on the socio-economic profile of small and large farmers practicing RWCS in Haryana, a critical region for this cropping system. By comparing personal, economic, social, and behavioral characteristics between these two groups, the research highlights the disparities in access to resources, extension services, and agricultural technologies. These differences have significant implications for the adoption of sustainable farming practices. The study underscores the importance of targeted interventions especially for small farmers and effective extension services to bridge these gaps, thereby enhancing the sustainability and profitability of the RWCS in Haryana. Understanding the socio-economic characteristics of small and large farmers is crucial for policymakers aiming to ensure the long-term viability of this vital agricultural system.