Journal of Experimental Agriculture International

Climate change raises major problems for dairy farming around the world, especially in areas where dairy animals are a major source of livelihood. Reproduction, production, and animal health are directly impacted by the rising frequency of extreme weather events like heat waves and shifting precipitation patterns. These changes in the climate cause physiological stress in animals, which decreases their intake of feed, metabolic efficiency, and milk production. They also make vector-borne diseases more likely to spread. The effects of climate change on dairy farming are reviewed in this paper, with particular attention given to heat stress, shifts in feed availability, and the increase of parasites and illnesses. It talks about how these stressors have an adverse impact on milk production, cattle health, and reproduction, especially in tropical and subtropical areas. The study also looks at the potential of climate-resilient dairy production methods, which emphasize reducing environmental effect and managing to changing weather. These methods include developing cooling systems to reduce heat stress, integrating renewable energy sources, improving feed management, and genetically breeding for heat tolerance. The dairy business may advance toward lower emissions and greater resilience with sustainable practices and policy changes, ensuring both economic and environmental sustainability. The future of climate-resilient dairy production will be shaped by innovation, the use of renewable energy, and demand for sustainable dairy products, based to the paper.