Journal of Experimental Agriculture International

Aims: The study aimed to evaluate the effects of seasonality, sowing methods and planting dates on the growth and yield components of pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch.) under Sudanese agro-climatic conditions, with the objective of identifying optimal practices for improved productivity.

Study Design: The experiment followed a factorial arrangement in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), comprising two sowing methods and three planting dates across two winter growing seasons.

Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted at Al-Hudeiba Agricultural Research Station, River Nile State, Sudan, over two winter cropping seasons: 2019–2020 and 2020–2021.

Methodology: Two sowing methods—one-side and two-side—were tested alongside three sowing dates (November 4, 14, and 24). A local Cucurbita moschata cultivar was grown under standard management. Data were collected on lateral branches, leaves, flowers, fruit set percentage, fruit number, and fruit yield per plant. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA with means separated via LSD at the 5% level.

Results: Significant seasonal differences were found, with the 2020–2021 season yielding superior performance. The one-side sowing method significantly improved fruit yield. November 14 sowing consistently produced higher values in most traits. The best combination (Y₂ × SM₁ × SD₂) resulted in maximum fruit yield and vegetative growth.

Conclusion: Aligning sowing method and planting date with seasonal conditions can significantly enhance pumpkin productivity in Sudan. The one-side sowing method and mid-November (14 November) planting are recommended for optimal yield. These findings support climate-responsive agronomic strategies for sustainable vegetable production in arid and semi-arid regions.