Journal of Experimental Agriculture International

The present study was conducted in Kolhapur district of Maharashtra to examine the cost structure and profitability of honey production among different scales of beekeeping. A total of 60 beekeepers were selected from five villages of Bhudargad taluka and each 20 beekeepers were classified into small scale (≤ 10 colonies), medium scale (≤ 100 colonies), and large scale (≤ 400 colonies). Primary data were collected for the agricultural year 2024–25 using a structured interview schedule. The analysis was carried out using standard cost concepts and benefit–cost ratio. The analysis showed that average family size of beekeepers was higher in large scale beekeepers i.e. 5.50 and majority of beekeepers were engaged in farming as well as beekeeping as their main occupation.   Results indicated that the average total cost of honey production per beekeeper was ₹78356.57, ₹449401.77, and ₹2208219.20 for small, medium, and large-scale groups respectively. Corresponding net returns were ₹55962.94, ₹340639.03, and ₹2768685.35, with benefit–cost ratios were 1.17, 1.75 and 2.25 respectively. Large-scale beekeepers were showed higher profitability due to better resource availability also proper utilization and economies of scale. The findings suggest that expanding beekeeping operations, improving access to affordable equipment, and establishing efficient marketing channels can enhance profitability. The study highlights the potential for apiculture to generate sustainable income and improve livelihoods in the region.