Journal of Experimental Agriculture International

Mango is an important fruit crop in India, contributing significantly to farmers’ income and nutritional security. Efficient utilization of inputs during the establishment period is essential for improving the productivity and economic viability of mango orchards. The present study was conducted in Rewa block of Madhya Pradesh to evaluate the input use pattern and cost structure during the establishment period (first to sixth year) of mango orchards. The multistage random sampling technique was use to collected from 150 farmers using a simple random sampling technique. The study revealed that the establishment phase is highly input-intensive, particularly in the initial years. Total human labour requirement was estimated at 90.25 man-days per hectare, with maximum utilization in the first year, followed by a declining trend in subsequent years. In contrast, the use of manure, fertilizers, irrigation, and plant protection chemicals increased with orchard age, indicating rising nutrient demand and pest incidence. The total establishment cost (Cost C₃) was found to be highest in the first year (₹108091.65/ha) due to heavy investment in fencing, planting material, and labour, and declined in later years. Correlation analysis indicated a strong negative relationship between orchard age and labour inputs, while a strong positive relationship was observed with nutrient and plant protection inputs. The findings highlight that efficient input management during the establishment phase is crucial for ensuring long-term productivity and profitability of mango orchards.